Procedimiento para el secado al sol de un alimento para animales (GARANVER) a partir de residuos industriales de la caña de azúcar

A study to establish drying parameters for a kind of animal food  (GARANVER) was carried on. GARANVER is made of sugar cane industrial wastes, i. e., a mixture of pressed sugar cane pith, liquid wastes (acid, alkaline, and sugary residuals), urea, and final molasses. The animal food was exposed to sun rays on a concrete floor for three days. Treatments applied were four dif- ferent GARANVER densities (70; 85; 100 and 125 ton/ha) and two different turning-over frequencies (every one and two hours) with five replicas. Data were evaluated by a simple classification variance analysis with a factorial arrangement. Variation of dry matter at 24; 48 and 72 h was taken as measurable parameter. Dried GARANVER was stocked for six months and its broma- tological components behavior was monthly checked. Results showed a possibility to reach DM levels above 85% with densities of 70 and 125 ton/ha at 48 and 72 hours and a turning-over frequency every one and two hours, respectively. Cost per unit is 35,16 and 34,28 Cuban pesos. GARANVER nutrient components remained stable while stocked.Se hizo un estudio para establecer los parámetros de secado de un alimento para animales denominado GARANVER, elaborado a partir de residuos industriales de la caña de azúcar; es una mezcla de bagacillo, residuales líquidos (ácidos, alcalinos y azucara- dos), urea y miel final. El alimento se expuso al sol durante tres días, sobre una superficie pavimentada. Los tratamientos utiliza- dos fueron cuatro densidades (70; 85; 100 y 125 t/ha) y dos frecuencias de volteo (una vuelta por 1 h y una cada 2 h) replicados cinco veces. Como parámetro medible se tomó la variación de materia seca (MS) a las 24; 48 y 72 h. Los datos fueron evaluados en un análisis de varianza de clasificación simple con arreglo factorial. El material seco se almacenó durante seis meses y se con- troló mensualmente el comportamiento de los componentes bromatológicos. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de alcanzar niveles de MS por encima del 85 % con densidades de 70 y de 125 t/ha a las 48 y 72 horas con una frecuencia de volteo cada 1 y cada 2 h respectivamente y un costo unitario de 35,16 y 34,28 pesos cubanos. Los componentes nutritivos se mantuvieron estables durante el periodo de almacenamiento

Secado y conservación durante el almacenamiento de un alimento para animales elaborado con cachaza, bagacillo y residuales líquidos (GARANVER)

A preliminary study  on  a  small scale to establish the  drying parameters for an  animal feedstuff (GARANVER) containing filter cake  mud, sugarcane bagasse pith, liquid waste (acid,  alkaline, and  sugared residuals), urea, and  final molasses was carried out.  The feedstuff was exposed to sun rays on  a  concrete floor. Treatments applied were  four feedstuff densities (70, 85, 100,  and  125 t/ha),  and  two turnover  frequencies (every  one and  two hours). Each  treatment had  five replicas. Raw  matter  variation was taken  as a measuring parameter at  24,  48,  and  72  hours.   Data  were  evaluated according to  a simple  classification  variance  analysis  with  a  factorial  arrangement. Afterwards,  drying was performed on a commercial scale with two feedstuff densities (70 and  125 t/ha). Dry matter  was sampled for microbiological tests. The feedstuff was storaged for six months and  its bromatological components were  monthly tested. Results showed the possibility of reaching a dry matter  level above 85 % with a 70 t/ha density  at 48 hours and  an hour turnover  frequency. With feedstuff densities of 80; 100,  and  125  t/ha,  the  period of time enlarged  up   to   72   hours  with  both   turnover   frequencies.  Feedstuff  drying  on   a commercial scale showed a similar behaviour. The microbiological tests showed neither Salmonella nor other proteolytic organisms. Nutrient components remained stable during the storage period.Se  hizo primeramente un estudio a pequeña escala para  establecer los parámetros de secado de  un  alimento para  animales denominado GARANVER,  compuesto por  una mezcla de cachaza, bagacillo, residuales líquidos (ácidos, alcalinos y azucarados), urea y miel final. El material fue expuesto al sol   sobre una  superficie pavimentada. Los tratamientos  utilizados  fueron  cuatro   densidades  (70;   85;   100   y  125   t/ha)   y  dos frecuencias  de  volteo  (cada una   y  cada  dos horas) replicados  cinco  veces. Como parámetro medible se tomó  la variación de  materia seca (MS) a las 24; 48 y 72 h. Los datos fueron evaluados en  un  análisis de  varianza de  clasificación simple con  arreglo factorial.  Posteriormente  se efectuó  el  secado  a  escala  comercial  empleando  dos densidades (70  y 125  t/ha)  y al material seco se le tomaron muestras  para  análisis microbiológicos. Después se almacenó durante seis meses y se controló mensualmente los componentes bromatológicos. Los resultados muestran la posibilidad de alcanzar un nivel de MS por encima del 85 % con la densidad de 70 t/ha a las 48 h con volteo cada 1 h y con  la  densidad de  80,  100  y 125 t/ha  el  periodo  se alarga  hasta 72  horas con ambas frecuencias  de  volteo.  De  manera semejante  se comportó el  secado a  escala comercial. Los análisis microbiológicos no arrojaron presencia de salmonella ni de organismos  proteolíticos.  Los componentes  nutritivos  se mantuvieron  estables  durante el periodo de almacenamiento

Remdesivir and corticosteroids in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients

okCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infection caused by the newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Remdesivir (RDV) and corticosteroids are used mainly in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of remdesivir with and without corticosteroids in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. We conducted a prospective observational study, including adult patients consecutively hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 and acute respiratory failure. Patients were divided according to treatment strategy: RDV alone versus RDV with corticosteroids. The primary outcome was the time to recovery in both treatment groups. We included 374 COVID-19 adult patients, 184 were treated with RDV, and 190 were treated with RDV and corticosteroid. Patients in the RDV group had a shorter time to recovery in comparison with patients in the RDV plus corticosteroids group at 28 days after admission [11 vs. 16 days (95% confidence Interval 9.7-12.8; 14.9-17.1; p = .016)]. Patients treated with RDV alone had a shorter length of hospital stay. The use of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy of RDV was not associated with improvement in mortality of COVID-19 patients.publishersversionpublishe

a preliminary report

© European Association of Hospital Pharmacists 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES: Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pressure to minimise its impact on public health has led to the implementation of different therapeutic strategies, the efficacy of which for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was unknown at the time. Remdesivir (REM) was granted its first conditional marketing authorisation in the EU in June 2020. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and local health authorities all across the EU have since strongly recommended the implementation of pharmacovigilance activities aimed at further evaluating the safety of this new drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to either REM or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, a Portuguese hospital centre based in Lisbon. We present the preliminary results reporting plausible adverse effects of either HCQ or REM. METHODS: An observational cohort study was carried out between 16 March and 15 August 2020. Participants were divided into two cohorts: those prescribed an HCQ regimen, and those prescribed REM. Suspected ADRs were identified using an active monitoring model and reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System through its online notification tool. The ADR cumulative incidence was compared between the two cohorts. RESULTS: The study included 149 patients, of whom 101 were treated with HCQ and the remaining 48 with REM. The baseline characteristics were similar between the two cohorts. A total of 102 ADRs were identified during the study period, with a greater incidence in the HCQ cohort compared with the REM cohort (47.5% vs 12.5%; p<0.001). Causality was assessed in 81 ADRs, all of which were considered possible. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world data are crucial to further establish the safety profile for REM. HCQ is no longer recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.publishersversionpublishe

Procesos urbanos en acción: ¿Desarrollo de ciudades para todos?

La presente colección Ciudades de la Gente representa a hombres y mujeres cuya cultura popular, producto de las mezclas de todos aquellos que vivían y otros que han llegado a nuestros territorios, han hecho de lugares declarados como no aptos, lugares donde vivir, y han creado dentro de nuestras ciudades, la extensión de lo distinto. Son hombres y mujeres cuyo trabajo, el que tienen para aportar, junto al de otros y otras de su misma condición, les ha permitido autoproducir interesantes y sin duda bellos espacios donde convivir. Los profesores e investigadores miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Hábitat Popular e Inclusión Social de CLACSO, nos unimos a todos aquellos hacedores que, superando los miedos y con deseos de avanzar, se atreven a caminar por lo desconocido y a no conformarse con lo conocido de otras realidades, buscando en conjunto afirmar, como derechos universales, las posibilidades de vidas dignas y de construcciones colectivas dentro de nuestras ciudades. Emprendemos la tarea de describir e interpretar el hábitat popular y la inclusión social, abriendo posibilidades para que, experimentados y debutantes líderes populares e investigadores, hablen sobre "las ciudades de la gente" de muy diversos modos

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Combined search for the quarks of a sequential fourth generation

Results are presented from a search for a fourth generation of quarks produced singly or in pairs in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 inverse femtobarns recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2011. A novel strategy has been developed for a combined search for quarks of the up and down type in decay channels with at least one isolated muon or electron. Limits on the mass of the fourth-generation quarks and the relevant Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements are derived in the context of a simple extension of the standard model with a sequential fourth generation of fermions. The existence of mass-degenerate fourth-generation quarks with masses below 685 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level for minimal off-diagonal mixing between the third- and the fourth-generation quarks. With a mass difference of 25 GeV between the quark masses, the obtained limit on the masses of the fourth-generation quarks shifts by about +/- 20 GeV. These results significantly reduce the allowed parameter space for a fourth generation of fermions.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Compressed representation of a partially defined integer function over multiple arguments

In OLAP (OnLine Analitical Processing) data are analysed in an n-dimensional cube. The cube may be represented as a partially defined function over n arguments. Considering that often the function is not defined everywhere, we ask: is there a known way of representing the function or the points in which it is defined, in a more compact manner than the trivial one